India: Islamic financial institutes beneficial to infra

AHMEDABAD: Infrastructure is at the top of the newly appointed Prime Minister's priority list, and it can get a facelift from various Islamic financial services due to features likes avoidance of charging interest on principal (Riba), according to a study undertaken at Cept University. 

Yash Majeethia, MTech, infrastructure engineering and management, faculty of technology, Cept University, and Tushar Bose, assistant professor, faculty of technology, Cept, have authored a study, 'Islamic Financial Instruments an Opportunity for Financing Infrastructure in India' that has been published in 'Journal of Business Management and Social Sciences Research' recently. 

According to the study, introduction of Islamic finance can play a crucial role in order to bridge the gap and support India in achieving anticipated growth projections, especially in infrastructure sector; as operations in Islamic financial system are characterized by avoidance of Riba, the money invested cannot be channelized in other areas. 

India has an estimated infrastructure funding deficit of Rs 14,60,784 crore for the twelfth five year plan (2012-2017). "Islamic finance services can be banking or non-banking in nature. It is not limited to any community and can be benefited from irrespective of religion. One can see it as participatory banking," Majeethia said. 

Kerela is the first state that has come up with an Islamic non banking financial services company in the country in 2013. It has already received clearances from the Reserve Bank of India, Security and Exchanges Board of India and the Waqf board. Similar models can be run in other parts of the country too. 

Why Islamic financial institutions? 

Islamic financial institutions rest their objectives and operations on the Shari'a law, Islamic law, based on a verse of the Holy Quran that says "Allah has allowed only legitimate trade and prohibits interest". It is based on the philosophy of risk sharing; both lender and the borrower share the risks as well as the returns that are incurred from a project. This discourages fixed returns in terms of predetermined interest rates known as Riba. 

Secondly, it emphasizes on socially responsible investment, characterized by avoidance of Riba, avoidance of Gharar (involving in activities relating to uncertainty or speculation), avoidance of Zulm (oppression of one party by the other), avoidance of Haram (discouragement of services and goods which contradict the Islamic value), introduction of Zakat (laying a specific predetermined Islamic tax on various activities) and focusing on Halal (activities that are religiously permissible).

(The Times Of India / 17 July 2014)

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Islamic Investment Malaysia: www.islamic-invest-malaysia.com

Deloitte report: 79% of Islamic financial institutions have established a risk department in last five years

In light of the ongoing global financial climate, most world markets and sectors continue to be adversely impacted, including the Islamic Finance sector, which is currently facing regulatory and practice-related reforms.

A report recently published by the Deloitte Middle East Islamic Finance Knowledge Center (IFKC), entitled 'Empowering Risk Intelligence in Islamic Finance: Managing Risk in Uncertain times', addresses and investigates the important issues in practice and regulation in Islamic Finance in the current market challenges.

The Deloitte report is based on a survey and group of case studies developed during the second half of 2011, on 20 leading Islamic Financial institutions from the Middle East and South East Asia, with aggregate assets of more than $50bn.It also includes several interviews conducted with industry leaders and risk management executives.

The Deloitte Risk Intelligence in Islamic Finance report focuses on the governance and structural aspects of an effective risk management framework in Islamic Finance. It presents new findings in the practice of Islamic Finance risk management that offer guidance to boards in managing risk in troubled times. The report identifies three closely-linked issues: risk governance, regulatory pressures and accountability. It also outlines the challenges faced byinstitutions offering Islamic financial services (IIFS) to develop effective risk intelligence functions. 

"Greater pressure has been placed on financial institutions offering Islamic Financial services to galvanize risk exposure and governance capabilities," commented Dr. Hatim El Tahir,director of the Deloitte Middle East Islamic Finance Knowledge Center (IFKC). 

"Along with the Central Bank of Bahrain, the Bahrain Association of Banks supports all efforts to develop and strengthen Islamic banking and finance in the Kingdom of Bahrain. We continue to promote it at regional and international conferences and in the pages of 'The Bahrain Banker', as well as in the BAB publication 'Handbook of Islamic Banking and Finance," said Mr Robert Ainey, CEO, Bahrain Association of Banks.

The Deloitte report further finds that although the practice of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is relatively new in the Islamic Finance sector 79% of the institutions that took part in the survey established a risk department in the last five years. However, only 5% of the IIFS' risk departments were set up more than 10 years ago.

"The complexity of Sharia'a compliant debt and equity instruments has evolved, and the types of risks, issues and investors, as well as market conditions have emerged. These factors combined have made it imperative for IIFS to develop and adopt integrated risk management strategies, in order to protect their businesses and stakeholders," El Tahir added.

The Deloitte survey indicates that 83% of the Islamic Financial institutions surveyed have both a formal risk management function that manages the risk activities, and a risk committee that oversees all risks. Moreover, 87% of the Islamic Financial institutions surveyed have 'management members' on their risk committees.

In terms of accountability for the Enterprise Risk Management program, 32% of the surveyed institutions have indicated that the CEO is accountable for risk; while 27% hold the Chief Risk Officer and 13% hold the Head of Risk Management accountable. Thus, the report suggests that IIFS management and decision-makers should support the risk governance process with subject matter experts for in-depth analysis and adequate selection of risk solutions and strategies.

The Deloitte Risk Intelligence in Islamic Finance survey findings indicate the following key challenges that warrant the attention of Islamic Finance sectorleaders and stakeholders:

• 63% of respondents believe that strong commitmentis required from all of Financial Institutions Boards', Sharia'a Supervisory Boards and Management to improve ERM in IslamicFinance.

• 65% of the institutions offering Islamic Financial Services (IIFS) that participated in the survey are considering the development of an ERM program.

• Only 59% of the IIFS that participated have implemented the Islamic Finance Services Board's (IFSB)Risk Management Standard.

• 63% reported that they have not received anyexternal rating, and less than a quarter of the respondents had considered or received external rating from an Islamic rating agency. This constitutes a real challenge posed to industry participants and standard-setters such as the IFSB, Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), International Islamic Financial Market(IIFM) andthe Islamic International Rating Agency (IIRA), to enforce best practices.

• Creating a risk-aware culture is considered the most(68%) important benefit of ERM. 

• The IIFS lack skilled risk experts, and institutions are required to invest inbuilding capabilities in key risk management pillars -People, Process, Technology and Governance.

• 56% of the group studied has risk management software, and 44% of them lag behind in automation of risk information management.In contrast, 71% of the group surveyed in the Deloitte report has implemented the IFSB's Guiding Principles on Sharia'a Governance. Key causes of Sharia'a compliance risks include non-standardized practices, diverse Sharia'a interpretations, and the lack of enforcement of Sharia'a laws in many jurisdictions.

"Global and regional jurisdictional regulatory reforms are continuing. How this regulation will affect the Islamic Finance sectorand the role of IIFS in the economy is yet to be seen," said El Tahir. "One thing is certain - the traditional operations and management of Islamic Finance will need to change. IIFS around the globe will not only need to deal with risk management but will also need operational effectiveness and a skilled workforce to empower risk intelligence in Islamic Finance," he added.

Responding to these new realities may require effective risk governance. IIFS Boards, Sharia'a Supervisory Boards and executives have an important role to play in providing proactive oversight of risk management and risk strategy. The executive risk officers equally play an important role in coordinating risk management implementation and activities between boards and Sharia'a Supervisory Boards and other business supporting units in the institution.

(Ame Info.Com / 25 April 2012)

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Alfalah Consulting - Kuala Lumpur:
www.alfalahconsulting.com
Islamic Investment Malaysia:
www.islamic-invest-malaysia.com